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School operations

Emergency and Critical Incident Management Planning

Recovery

Recovery is an important part of emergency management. It should be considered during planning, preparation, and response activities.

The Victorian Emergency Management Act 2013, describes recovery as the ‘…assisting of persons and communities affected by emergencies to achieve an effective level of functioning.’

Following a major or significant event, the department will assist schools with detailed recovery planning. The Managing trauma guide (PDF)External Link includes recovery tools, practical resources to help schools to act following an event, to minimise trauma for students, staff and the school community. Schools can also use the Recovery and Resilience Model. Further information on the model is available from health.wellbeing.inclusion.resilience@education.vic.gov.au.

When planning how a school community will recover, focus on activities that build safety, calm, connection, confidence, and hope. These are known as the 5 psychological recovery principles.

Psychological recovery principles
Recovery principleConsiderations/actions

Safety

Serious events can make people feel unsafe. It is important to restore a sense of safety as soon as possible.

  • Make sure all students and staff are physically safe by following emergency procedures.
  • Create a safe and secure environment for learning and recovery.

Calming

Feeling in control and knowing what to expect can help people feel calm.

  • Give students and staff safe spaces to share their thoughts and feelings.
  • Use calming activities like deep breathing or mindfulness.
  • Keep routines and daily schedules predictable to help create a sense of normal life.

Connectedness

Feeling connected to others is very important for recovery.

  • Encourage students and staff to support and connect with each other.
  • Plan group activities and social events to build relationships.
  • Support communication between parents, teachers, and school leaders.

Efficacy (confidence)

After a difficult event, people may feel unsure of their ability to cope.

  • Encourage students and staff to take part in recovery activities.
  • Give students chances to help others and contribute to the school community.
  • Teach students skills to manage stress and anxiety.

Hope

Hope helps people move forward after a crisis.

  • Encourage a positive outlook and belief that recovery is possible.
  • Focus on the actions being taken to improve the situation.
  • Celebrate progress and achievements during recovery.
Information for schools on considering recovery during emergency management planning, preparation, and response activities.

Reviewed 29 June 2026

Guidance

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