Suspensions: Suspension considerations

Suspension considerations

The following information provides guidance for schools on when to consider suspending a student. These considerations are based on the requirements under Ministerial Order 1125 – Procedures for Suspension and Expulsion of Students in Government Schools (PDF)(opens in a new window).

Before considering a suspension, schools must seek to understand the reasons for a student's behaviour and consider alternative educational and wellbeing supports and interventions that can be provided to the student to effectively address the reasons.

Standard grounds for suspension

For suspension to be an option, the student’s behaviour must have occurred:

whilst attending school, or
travelling to or from school, or
while engaged in any school activity away from the school, or
travelling to or from any school activity, and

The student’s behaviour must meet one or more of the following grounds:

behaves in such a way as to pose a danger, whether actual, perceived or threatened, to the health, safety or wellbeing of any person
causes significant damage to or destruction of property
commits or attempts to commit or is knowingly involved in the theft of property
possesses, uses or sells or deliberately assists another person to possess, use or sell illicit substances or weapons
fails to comply with any clear and reasonable instruction of a staff member so as to pose a danger, whether actual, perceived or threatened, to the health, safety or wellbeing of any person
consistently engages in behaviour that vilifies, defames, degrades or humiliates another person based on age; breastfeeding; gender; identity; impairment; industrial activity; lawful sexual activity; marital status; parent/carer status or status as a carer; physical features; political belief or activity; pregnancy; race; religious belief or activity; sex; sexual orientation; personal association (whether as a relative or otherwise) with a person who is identified by reference to any of the above attributes
consistently behaves in an unproductive manner that interferes with the wellbeing, safety or educational opportunities of any other student.

Exceptional Grounds - outside of school activity – (Clause 9 (1)(b) and (2)and 13 of Ministerial Order 1125)

To keep students and staff safe at school, principals can decide, in exceptional circumstances, to suspend a student for behaviour which occurs outside of school, including online behaviour, if the following are met:

the student behaves in such a way as to pose a significant danger, whether actual or threatened, to the health, safety or wellbeing of another student or a staff member of the student’s school, and
the student’s behaviour has a clear and close connection to the student’s school. This means that the behaviour must unreasonably impact another student or staff member of the student’s school, in one or more of the following ways:
- the behaviour unreasonably prevents or impedes the other student or the staff member from participating in a school activity;
- the behaviour unreasonably prevents or impedes another student from engaging with educational and learning opportunities at or provided by the school;
- the behaviour unreasonably prevents or impedes a staff member from performing their work or duties for or at the school.

Schools can refer to the Exceptional Grounds - outside school activity quick reference guide (DOCX) (PDF) (staff login required) for further guidance on the key considerations in determining if behaviour outside of school hours meets the requirements for Exceptional Grounds - outside of school activity.

Where it is relevant to determine whether the standard or exceptional grounds for suspension are met, the principal must consider the impact of the behaviour on a reasonable person in the same circumstances.

When deciding whether or not to proceed to a suspension, the principal must consider alternative interventions and supports that can be provided to the student to address the reasons for the behaviour and/or any safety measures that can be put in place to maintain safety at school for affected students or staff. For a summary of key wellbeing interventions and supports available to Victorian government schools, refer to:

Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities

The Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) requires schools to act and make decisions that are consistent with human rights. The Charter sets out 20 human rights, which can be viewed on the website of the Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission(opens in a new window).

In making a decision about whether to suspend a student, proper consideration must be given to whether the suspension will limit the student’s human right(s) and, if so, whether this limitation is reasonably justified in the circumstances. The most relevant human rights in relation to a suspension decision may include the right to recognition and equality before the law (i.e. protection against discrimination), the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief, the right to protection of children according to their best interests and cultural rights.

You can contact the Legal Division for support with considering the Charter in relation to a suspension decision on ph: 03 9637 3146 or email: legal.services@education.vic.gov.au

For more information about the Charter, refer to Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission(opens in a new window).

Authority to suspend a student

Only principals have authority to make the final decision to suspend a student. This authority cannot be delegated.

School staff may provide advice to inform the principal's decision whether to suspend a student and may assist in the management of the student’s behaviour and/or in communications with the parents, carers or relevant persons. Principals hold ultimate responsibility for ensuring that all processes are followed, correctly.

The relevant person

Due to the seriousness of suspension and expulsion, Ministerial Order 1125 requires that students who are subject to suspension and/or expulsion processes have a ‘relevant person’ to participate in the process, provide support and advocate for them. For most students this will be a parent or carer.

In situations where the parent or carer is unavailable or unwilling to act as the relevant person for their child, they can nominate an alternative relevant person.

Further information on relevant persons for the purposes of both suspensions and expulsions is outlined in the Guidance chapter Identifying a support person (relevant person). Information on appointing a relevant person when the parents or carers are unable or unwilling to act as a relevant person is outlined in the Guidance chapter Appoint a relevant person.

Additional considerations for certain students

There are certain students for whom additional circumstances arise, including:

Koorie students;
Students with disability;
Students in out-of-home care;
International students; and
Students with separated parents.

There is further information in relation to each of these students set out below. If you are considering suspending a student that falls within one of the above categories, you are encouraged to contact Legal Division to understand your legal obligations with respect to these students on ph: 03 9637 3146 or email: legal.services@education.vic.gov.au

When considering a suspension for a Koorie student, a principal should engage a Koorie Engagement Support Officer (KESO). The KESO can support the school and family to find the best outcome for the student, and connect the school and family to any local or regional supports.
For more information on supporting Koorie students through a suspension process or to seek the involvement of a KESO, refer to Contact a Koorie education coordinator(opens in a new window).
Schools have a legal responsibility to ensure that reasonable adjustments are put in place for students with disability so that they can access their education on the same basis as students without a disability. This includes support to address behaviour related to the disability. For students with disability, any decision in relation to suspension must be consistent with the Ministerial Order 1125, the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities, anti-discrimination laws and any other relevant laws, such as duty of care and occupational health and safety.
When considering appropriate discipline for international students, it is important to note that the decision to suspend or expel may impact on a number of the student’s visa conditions.
Such visa conditions include:
- the student must attend 80% of classes
- the student must make satisfactory progress
Schools suspending international students are required to contact the International Education Division which manages the deferment, suspension and cancellation of international student enrolments.
Refer to International Student Program and Toolkit for more information on international student program quality standards, including Standard 13 which relates to:
- deferment
- suspension, or
- cancellation of study during enrolment
For students who have separated parents, it is important to remember that suspension and expulsion are serious disciplinary measures and therefore all parents and carers must be notified of the intention to suspend or expel the student.

In circumstances where there is more than one parent or carer who would like to participate in the suspension and expulsion process, it is important to involve all of them in the process, unless doing so is not in the best interests of the student, or is not consistent with an intervention order (IVO).

Updated 22 July 2025

Suspensions

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